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In recent years, the incidence of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) has been increasing annually. As a result of frequently invading adjacent structures, such as hepatic artery, hepatic vein, and portal vein, and low radical resection rate, the prognosis is poor. Even if radical resection is completed early, the 5-year survival rate is still less than 30%. At present, whether postoperative adjuvant therapy can improve the prognosis of ECC remains a research hotspot and a controversial point. This article will combine the latest research results to discuss the plan and status of postoperative adjuvant therapy after ECC, as well as analyze the effect of postoperative adjuvant therapy on ECC.
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In this study, an overview of systematic reviews/Meta-analysis(SR/MA) of Chinese herbal injections for sepsis was performed to provide references for clinical practice and promote the quality improvement of clinical evidence. Eight Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, Medline, and EMbase were electronically searched for SR/MA of Chinese herbal injections for sepsis from database inception to June 2022. AMSTAR 2, PRISMA 2020, and GRADE system, combined with Recommendations for Clinical Evidence Grading on Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Evidence Body, were applied to evaluate the methodological quality, reporting quality, and evidence quality of the included articles. Twenty-seven articles of SR/MA were included, containing four Chinese herbal injections(Xuebijing Injection, Shenfu Injection, Shenmai Injection, and Shengmai Injection). AMSTAR 2 checklist showed that the methodological quality of the SR/MA ranged from moderate to very low. Item 2(prior study design) was the critical item with poor scores, and the non-critical items with poor scores were items 3(explain the selection of the study designs), items 10(report on the sources of funding), and items 16(conflicts of interest stated). In terms of PRISMA 2020, items in eight topics with complete reporting of missing>50%, including search strategy, certainty assessment, results of syntheses, certainty of evidence, registration and protocol, support, competing interests, availability of data, code and other materials. The included SR/MA involved 30 outcome indicators. Evidence quality of mortality, APACHE Ⅱ, and safety, the top three outcome indicators, was evaluated, and all of them were graded as the medium level. The lack of random allocation sequence, allocation concealment mechanism, blinding, and trial sample size was the main reason for the reduction of the evidence level. The available evidence shows that Chinese herbal injections can serve as an effective and safe adjunctive treatment for sepsis, which can reduce mortality, inhibit inflammation, improve coagulation function, and regulate immune function, tissue perfusion, and oxygenation in patients with sepsis. However, the quality of SR/MA was suboptimal, and more high-quality SR/MA is needed to provide evidence to support the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections in the treatment of sepsis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Injections , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Research Design , Sepsis/drug therapyABSTRACT
With three representative types of gynecological diseases (dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, polycystic ovary syndrome) as examples, the application methods of meridian and acupoint diagnosis for gynecological diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed. During clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended to examine the patient's leg segment along the three yin meridians of foot, aiming to explore the positive reactions of the meridians and acupoints (color, shape, skin temperature, sensory abnormalities, etc.). Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at this positive reaction place can improve the clinical efficacy. Meridian and acupoint diagnosis could provide basis for meridian syndrome differentiation, thus guiding the selection of acupoint prescriptions; it is also helpful to clarify the deficiency, excess, cold and heat of the disease nature, thus guiding the selection of acupuncture and moxibustion methods. In addition, it is an auxiliary method to estimate the prognosis and outcome of the disease.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Moxibustion , Meridians , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Foot , Genital Diseases, Female/therapyABSTRACT
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for suffering sarcopenia, but there is no unified criteria for diagnosing sarcopenia in CKD patients. It is well known that skeletal muscle mass and function are the key parameters to define sarcopenia based on the consensus published internationally. Recently, the need for the accuracy and applicability of assessment tools has facilitated the development of high-resolution imaging measurement and ultrasound evaluation. Sarcopenia in CKD is underrecognized in China resulting in clinical missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis prevalently. This article reviews the research progress of epidemiology, evaluation, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in CKD patients.
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The number of patients with the combination of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is gradually increasing. In recent years, the immunotherapy has become a new effective way to treat unresectable HCC. The clinical research revealed that the NAFLD could affect the efficacy of immunotherapy treating the HCC. But the mechanism is complicated. The major routes are CD8+PD-1+T cells increasing in NAFLD cause the deficiency in cell proliferation ability; Zn64 activates the anti-tumor immune response of the CSF1; PCSK9 downregulates the LDLR level to suppress the immune response of the CD8+T cells in tumor microenvironment; loss of the immune response induces the liver damage. Researches had indicated that the combination of lenvatinib, PKCa inhibitor, PCSK9 protein inhibition, ferroptosis inducer, and HIF2a small molecule inhibitor can improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. This review focuses on the impact of NAFLD on tumor microenvironment and how the NAFLD affect the immune check-point inhibitor effect and to discover the exact mechanism.
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Objective To investigate the clinicopathological significance of PDC in liver metastases and analyze the correlation of PDC between liver metastases and primary lesions. Methods Retrospective analysis of 72 matched cases of colorectal cancer with liver metastases was performed. The PDC in primary tumor and liver metastatic lesion was interpreted synchronously, and then the relationship between PDC in liver metastasis and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed based on the correlation of PDC between primary and metastatic lesions. In addition, PDC were interpreted in accordance with Uenos' standard. Results Among the 72 cases of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, the number of G1, G2, and G3 graded by PDC was 28, 24, and 20, respectively. The PDC in liver metastatic lesion was correlated with tumor budding in liver metastatic lesion and PDC grade of primary lesion. No significant correlation with the size and number of liver metastatic lesion, the site, WHO grade, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion or tumor budding of the primary lesion was observed. Conclusion A positive correlation is found between liver metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma and PDC grade of primary tumor. Evaluating the PDC grade of primary tumor may provide a reference for the risk of liver metastasis.
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With the extensive use of plastic products and the sharp increase of plastic waste, microplastics produced by degradation in the natural environment and artificially added by industry have been detected in food, air, ocean, and even extreme geographical environment. The environmental pollution and the biological health hazards caused by this new type of pollutant has become a global scientific problem to be solved urgently. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), as a typical model organism, has been widely used to evaluate the environmental pollution and health hazards caused by microplastics. This review on the research progress of model animal zebrafish in toxicity evaluation of microplastics mainly emphasized the toxic effects of microplastics on selected organs of zebrafish, briefly introduced the influencing factors of toxicity induced by microplastics, discussed the standardization of experiments for the evaluation of microplastic toxicity using zebrafish, and finally explored the future research directions.
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@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of silicosis complicated with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods A retrospective analysis of 36 patients with silicotuberculosis and 100 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was performed from January 2018 to December 2021 at Beijing Chest Hospital，Capital Medical University. The patients were confirmed by etiology or pathology. The patients with silicotuberculosis were designed to observation group and the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were designed to control group. The enumeration data were expressed as percentage and were treated with the chi-square test and the nonnormal distribution data is expressed as M(P25, P75). The difference was significant with P<0.05. Results In the observation group, there were 7 cases (19.4%) of silicosis in stage Ⅰ, 14 cases (38.9%) in stage Ⅱ and 15 cases (41.7%) in stage Ⅲ. 25 cases (69.4%, χ2=17.099) had a course of TB more than 12 months. 32 cases (88.9%, χ2=16.722) with cough, expectoration and dyspnea as the main symptoms. 32 cases (88.9%, χ2=16.722) had nodular lesions, and 30 cases (83.3%, χ2=19.900) had mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy as the main imaging manifestations on chest CT. 17 cases (47.2%, χ2=7.481) were misdiagnosed. Compared with the control group, the difference was significant in these aspects (P<0.05). 27 cases in the observation group were followed up, 1 case died after 5 months of treatment. The negative conversion time of Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) liquid culture in sputum was within 2 months in 17 cases (65.4%), between 2 and 12 months in 5 cases (19.2%) and over 12 months in 4 cases (15.4%), and a significant difference was observed comparing with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The patients with silicotuberculosis are mainly in stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ with long duration of TB, cough, expectoration and dyspnea as the main symptoms. Chest CT shows that nodules, mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy are the main imaging manifestations. And the silicotuberculosis was easily misdiagnosed. At the same time, screening for latent tuberculosis infection in silicosis patients indispensable due to the poor prognosis of anti-tuberculosis treatment.
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@#Objective To analyze the occupational burnout status and its influencing factors of border guards in the prevention （ - ）Methods and control of coronavirus disease COVID 19 . A total of 1 313 border guards who participate in the prevention and control of epidemic diseases were selected as research subjects using the random cluster sampling method. Military Occupational Burnout Scale and Military Occupational Stress Scale were used to investigate the occupational burnout status and Results occupational stress in the research subjects. The median and 25th and 75th percentiles of military occupational （ ， ） （ ， ）， burnout and occupational stress total scores were 9.0 3.0 15.0 and 76.0 70.0 86.0 respectively. About 73.1% of the subjects were suffered from high occupational stress. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the higher the scores of interpersonal relationship, military special life, work pressure, unclear role and leadership ability factor in P occupational stress, and the lower the score of personal development, the more serious the occupational burnout (all <0.05 ) ， after excluding the influence of confounding factors; subjects with panic psychology inconvenience caused by closed ， management fear on accountability for poor prevention and no personal hobbies had more serious occupational burnout than （ P ） Conclusion - ， subjects without those factors all <0.05 . In the period of COVID 19 prevention the level of occupational burnout and occupational stress of border guards were generally low. The occupational burnout was mainly affected by occupational stress and fear of the epidemic.
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Objective: To analyze the diversity differences of gut microbiota between school-aged obese children and normal-weight children and identify the characteristic flora in obese children to provide some evidence for the subsequent study of the following study-related mechanisms and the prevention and treatment of obesity in school-aged children. Methods: This study was based on a cohort established in a primary school in Jiading district, Shanghai, 2016. Sixty-three children, including 43 boys and 20 girls, who were obese during the three years from 2016 to 2018, were enrolled in the obesity group. Among children who were average weight for three years, a total of 63 were selected as the control group, with matching with the obese ones in a 1 to 1 way according to age, sex and class. The primary characteristics, diet status, breastfeeding, and other information of children were collected by questionnaire. Fecal samples of participants in both groups were collected, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Operable taxon units clustering according to 97% similarity and species annotation were based on the quality-optimized sequences. The difference in the diversity and genius of gut microbiota among children in the obesity and control groups were analyzed. The α diversity indices, including Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson index, were calculated. The β diversity was presented based on unweighted Unifrac distance and weighted Unifrac space by principal coordinate analysis. The differences in β diversity between the two groups were compared by similarity analysis (ANOSIM).The differences in genus distribution between the two groups were selected by STAMP software. The association of obesity with the α diversity and genus with significant differences were analyzed by the generalized linear model (GLM). Results: The Ace and Chao1 index in the obesity group was significantly lower than those in the control group (The P values were 0.026 and 0.039, respectively). There was no significant difference in Shannon and Simpson index between the two groups (The P values were 0.879 and 0.922, respectively). The results of ANOSIM showed differences in gut microbiota between the two groups (R>0), but the group contribution was not significant (unweighted Unifrac distance: R=0.006, P=0.223; weighted Unifrac distance: R=0.010, P=0.134). Among the obese group, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Sarcina was highest in the endemic genus. The STAMP results showed that the relative lots of 15 genera were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). The results of GLM showed that, compared with the control group, the obesity group had a lower level of the relative abundance in Akkermansia muciniphila, while a higher level in Coprococcus_3, Ruminococcus, Agathobacter and Collinsella. After stratification by sex, the Chao1 index was also lower in the obese boys than that in the normal-weight boys. However, the obese girls only had a higher level in Coprococcus_3 than the ordinary weight girls. Conclusions: Compared with children with average weight, obese children had lower α diversity of gut microbiota and lower relative abundance of dominant probiotics but had a higher relative lot of genus associated with metabolic disorders, inflammation promotion, and metabolism rate reduction.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Feces , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiologyABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo reveal the mechanism of action of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by pharmacological research based on its clinical application. MethodThe collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） rat model was established by injecting bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund's adjuvant at the tail， and was treated with different concentrations of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang. The rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， methotrexate （0.9 mg·kg-1） group， and Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang low- and high-dose （5.13， 20.52 g·kg-1·d-1） groups， with continuous intragastric administration for 4 weeks. The degree of joint swelling， weight， degree of foot swelling and arthritis index score were determined and the pathological changes of ankle joints were detected by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining to observe the therapeutic effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang on rheumatoid arthritis. In addition， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and Western blot were used to measure the expression of interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， interleukin 6 （IL-6）， interleukin 10 （IL-10） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） pathway related proteins in synovial tissue， respectively to clarify the molecular mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ResultCompared with the conditions in blank group， the body weight and IL-10 level were decreased （P<0.01）， and the degree of foot swelling and arthritis index score， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α， and the expression of NF-κB pathway related proteins were increased （P<0.01，） in the model group， with impaired morphology and function of the ankle joint. Additionally， compared with the model group， Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang low- and high-dose groups had increased body weight of rats and IL-10 level （P<0.01）， and reduced degree of foot swelling and arthritis index score （P<0.05， P<0.01）， levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01） and expression of NF-κB pathway related proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with improved function and morphology of the ankle joint. ConclusionHuangqi Guizhi Wuwutang can significantly alleviate joint inflammatory injury by down-regulating NF-κB pathway and reducing the inflammatory response in CIA rats.
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To systematically collect and analyze clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese patent medicine treatment for stroke in 2020, in order to provide basic information for clinical decision-making and related research. On the basis of the collection in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Clinical Evidence Database System(EVDS), CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase were searched for RCTs of Chinese patent medicine for stroke in 2020. The publication, sample size, intervention and control measures, course of treatment, outcome indicators, methodological quality and other contents were statistically analyzed.A total of 68 RCTs studies on Chinese patent medicine for stroke were included in 2020, of which 29(42.60%) were RCTs with sample size>100 cases. A total of 41 kinds of proprietary Chinese medicines were involved, including 23 kinds of oral proprietary Chinese medicines and 18 kinds of injections. A total of 18 intervention/control cases were included in RCTs, and 19 cases(Chinese patent medicine+Western medicine vs Western medicine) were applied in RCTs, accounting for 27.90%. The duration of treatment was reported in 91.18% of the studies, and the intervention duration was 8-14 days in 50.00% of the studies. Evaluation indexes were widely used, among which physical and chemical testing indexes(49.36%) were the most widely used. According to the methodological quality evaluation, the overall methodological quality of the study is not high, especially the implementation of the allocation hidden, blind method is not accurate, and the registration, ethics and other links are often missing. In conclusion, 2020 implementation of proprietary Chinese medicine in the treatment of stroke research methodology problems is outstanding, the similar function scale large range of optional, no specification selection criteria, reliability and practicability of the impact study, need to further standardize the proprietary Chinese medicine in the treatment of stroke study design, implementation and quality control, and highlight the value of proprietary Chinese medicine in the treatment of stroke and improve the quality of the evidence.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Reproducibility of Results , Stroke/drug therapyABSTRACT
The present study systematically collected, analyzed, and evaluated randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of heart failure to provide references for follow-up clinical research design, guideline update, and policy formulation, and promote the improvement of clinical evidence quality. On the basis of the collection in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Clinical Evidence Database System(EVDS), CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for RCTs of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of heart failure from database inception to December 31, 2020. The di-sease type, publication time, sample size, intervention/control setting, course of treatment, evaluation indexes, and methodological quality were analyzed and evaluated. A total of 1 631 RCTs were included, including 1 622 in Chinese and 9 in English. It was first published in 1995, with the largest number of publications in 2016. There were only 56 RCTs(3.43%) with a sample size≥200. Seventy-eight types of Chinese patent medicines were involved, including 49 types of oral drugs and 29 types of injections. There were 34 intervention/control protocols, which were dominated by Chinese patent medicine+conventional treatment vs conventional treatment, accounting for 28.51%(n=465). About 94.0% of RCTs reported the course of treatment, mainly 14-56 days. The evaluation indexes were mainly physical and chemical tests and symptoms/signs, and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was the most frequently used measurement index. In enumeration indexes, clinical efficacy(response rate) was used the most frequently. Methodologically, 92.0% of the research subjects were rated as high risk of blindness. There were only 13 RCTs(0.80%) reporting registered information. It is necessary to further standardize the design, implementation, and quality control of clinical studies in order to improve the quality of evidence and avoid research waste.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Stroke Volume , Ventricular Function, LeftABSTRACT
The present study collected, collated, analyzed, and evaluated randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese patent medicine published in Chinese and English journals in 2020, and summarized clinical evidence of Chinese patent medicine in stages, providing references for follow-up clinical research and evidence transformation and application. On the basis of the collection in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Clinical Evidence Database System(EVDS), CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMbase were searched for RCTs of Chinese patent medicine published in 2020, and their research characteristics and methodological quality were analyzed and evaluated. A total of 1 285 research papers on Chinese patent medicine(1 257 in Chinese/28 in English) were included, involving 146 054 patients and 639 Chinese patent medicines, including 526 oral drugs, 68 injections, and 45 external drugs. A total of 412 diseases in 23 types were involved, which were dominated by circulatory system diseases and respiratory system diseases, specifically, cerebral infarction and angina pectoris. The sample size ranged from 20 cases to 2 673 cases, and 57.67% of RCTs had samples sizes less than 100. Single-center trials were the main ones, and multi-center trials only accounted for 4.75%(n=61). In terms of methodological quality, 52.91% of the RCTs had unclear descriptions or incorrect application of randomization methods, and the implementation of allocation concealment and blinding methods has not been paid much attention. In conclusion, compared with the conditions in 2019, the number of RCTs published in 2020 has decreased, and the research interest in respiratory diseases has increased, while the quality control in the process of research design and implementation has not been improved. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the methodological training of researchers and promote the output of high-quality research evidence.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Nonprescription Drugs , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Background Oral exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] can lead to gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in mice, and the mechanism is not yet clear. To predict health risk due to chemical exposure, data mining and computational toxicology analysis has become an important tool in toxicology research, which can help to elucidate mode of action (MOA) and identify key toxicity pathways. Objective This study aims to identify and evaluate key events in the MOA of oral Cr(VI) exposure. Methods Gene sets established from Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) respectively were imported into Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA) software for pathway enrichment analysis and biological function analysis to identify potential key toxicity pathways of target organs/tissues toxicity of oral exposure to Cr(Ⅵ). Next, the weight of evidence (WOE) of the identified key toxicity pathways in the MOA of oral exposure to Cr(VI) was evaluated based on the modified Bradford Hill principle. Results A total of 54 pieces of literature related to oral Cr(VI) exposure were screened in CTD, among which 18 and 9 were related to liver and intestine with 125 and 272 corresponding genes, respectively. The pathway enrichment and biological function analysis results showed that liver and intestinal perturbation pathways were mainly related to cell stress and injury, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, indicating that Nrf2 pathway and AHR pathway might be the key toxicity pathways involved in the cytotoxic-mediated MOA. Meanwhile, the dose (≥170 mg·L−1 sodium dichromate) and the time point (90 d) of the activation of Nrf2 pathway was similar to the emergence of crypt cell proliferation. It was proposed that Nrf2 pathway activation might be a key event for cytotoxic-mediated MOA of small intestinal tumors. The WOE results showed moderate validity of evidence in this hypothesis, with high validity of evidence for biological plausibility and dose-response manner. Conclusion Nrf2 pathway activation might be the key event in the cytotoxic-mediated MOA of small intestinal tumors induced by oral exposure to Cr(VI) via initiating or maintaining crypt cell proliferation.
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To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Bushen Huoxue Culuan Formula in treating infertility caused by diminished ovarian reserve(DOR) with kidney deficiency and blood stasis. A total of 100 DOR patients treated at Xiyuan Hospital, Acupuncture Hospital and Clinic of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from 2017 to 2020 in line with the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group at the ratio of 1∶1. The experimental group was treated with Bushen Huoxue Culuan Formular, while the control group was treated with Climen and Clomiphene for 3 menstrual cycles. The ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, pregnancy success rate, serum hormone levels, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) symptom scores were observed in the 2 groups. The total effective rate was 92.00% in the experimental group and 72.00% in the control group, with a statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.01); the experimental group was superior to the control group in reducing FSH level, increasing AMH level, improving TCM symptoms, increasing pregnancy rate and pregnancy success rate, with a significant difference(P<0.05). There was no abnormal safety indicator and adverse reaction. Bushen Huoxue Culuan Formular is effective in treating infertility caused by DOR due to kidney deficiency and blood stasis, with a safety and reliability.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Infertility, Female/drug therapy , Kidney , Ovarian Reserve , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to compare and analyze the consistency and difference between metageno-mic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and conventional bacterial culture in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in maxillofacial space infection, as well as to provide a new detection method for the early clinical identification of pathogenic bacteria in maxillofacial space infection.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 16 patients with oral and maxillofacial space infections in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2020 to June 2020 were collected. mNGS and conventional bacterial culture methods were used to detect pus. We then analyzed and compared the test results of the two methods, including the test cycle, positive detection rate, anaerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobes and aerobic bacteria detection rates, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, relative species abundance, and resistance genes.@*RESULTS@#The average inspection period of mNGS was (18.81±3.73) h, and the average inspection period of bacterial culture was (83.25±11.64) h, the former was shorter than the latter (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with conventional bacterial culture, mNGS has the characteristics of short test time, high sensitivity, and high accuracy. Thus, it is a new detection method for the early identification of pathogenic bacteria in maxillofacial space infection and is beneficial to the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteria/genetics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Metagenomics , Sensitivity and Specificity , TechnologyABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have made tremendous progresses in modernization, whereas there exist relatively few researches pertaining to preparation structures. As demonstrated by the theory and practice of structure pharmaceutics, the structure properties of dosage forms have significant influences on the quality and efficacy of drugs, which might offer reference for the research and development of TCM dosage forms. With the application of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT) and other novel technologies in recent years, researches in structure pharmaceutics have made huge advancement, which provide reference and methodology basis for the study of TCM preparations. The article generalized and summarized the recent progresses and methods in the structure researches of pharmaceutics and TCM preparations, and further explored the significance of the researches of structure of TCM preparations. It is expected to provide the basis for the dosage form design, production process improvement, and quality evaluation of TCM and promote the modernization of TCM preparations.
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Objective To explore the association between daily diet and physical activity with myopia in middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for the prevention of myopia. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling of 795 students from two middle schools and one high school in Jiading District of Shanghai was selected. Data was extracted from 2017 adolescent health related behaviors surveillance in Shanghai. Results The reported rate of myopia among middle and high school students was determined to be 57.2%. The proportion of middle school students reporting no drinking soda, no eating desserts and no eating fried foods during the past week were 45.2%, 16.4% and 31.1%, respectively. The proportion of reporting eating fresh fruit, eating vegetables, drinking a cup of milk or yogurt among middle school students every day were 45.8%, 73.2% and 40.7%, respectively. The proportion of physical activity over 60 minutes and moderate intensity exercise over 30 minutes every day were 25.6% and 15.4%, respectively. The proportion of no drinking soda, no eating fried foods, eating fresh fruit every day, eating vegetables every day, and physical activity over 60 minutes during the past week in the non-myopia group were significantly higher than those in the myopia group(P < 0.01). Middle school students eating fresh fruit every day and physical activity over 60 minutes every day were determined to be protective factors for myopia(P < 0.01). Conclusion The proportions of Middle and high school students in Shanghai reporting healthy diet and physical activity are relatively low. Healthy diet and sufficient physical activity may be protective against myopia.